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James Joule

Joule’s findings resulted in his development of the mechanical theory of heat and Joule’s law, which quantitatively describes the rate at which heat energy is produced from electric energy by the resistance in a circuit. Initially many 19th century scientists were skeptical of Joule’s work, but his efforts proved fundamental to the modern understanding of thermodynamics. The SI unit of work, the joule, was named in honor of his significant scientific contributions.

A native of England, Joule was born on December 24, 1818, in Salford, Lancashire. His family was quite wealthy due to the success of the family brewery business. As a teenager, Joule began studying with the renowned chemist John Dalton at the University of Manchester, but a sudden change for the worse in Dalton’s health prematurely ended the tutelage. Despite their short time together, Dalton’s emphasis on quantitative experiments had a lasting effect on Joule’s scientific techniques. Joule continued his education under the guidance of John Davis, who co-founded the Royal Victoria Gallery for the En

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James W. Prescott

American developmental psychologist (born 1934)

James W. Prescott (born January 21, 1934) is an American developmental psychologist,^[1] whose research focused on the origins of violence, particularly as it relates to a lack of mother-child bonding.

Prescott was a health scientist administrator at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), one of the Institutes of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) from 1966 to 1980. He created and directed the Developmental Behavioral Biology Program at the NICHD where he initiated NICHD-supported research programs to study the relationship between mother-child bonding and the development of social abilities in adult life. Inspired by Harry Harlow's famous experiments on rhesus monkeys, which established a link between neurotic behavior and isolation from a care-giving mother, Prescott further proposed that a key component to development comes from the somesthetic processes (body touch) and vestibular-cerebellar processes (body movement) induced by mother-child interactions, an

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James Prescott Joule

English physicist (1818–1889)

James Prescott Joule (;^[a] 24 December 1818 – 11 October 1889) was an English physicist. Joule studied the nature of heat and discovered its relationship to mechanical work. This led to the law of conservation of energy, which in turn led to the development of the first law of thermodynamics. The SI unit of energy, the joule (J), is named after him.

He worked with Lord Kelvin to develop an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale, which came to be called the Kelvin scale. Joule also made observations of magnetostriction, and he found the relationship between the current through a resistor and the heat dissipated, which is also called Joule's first law. His experiments about energy transformations were first published in 1843.

Early years

James Joule was born in 1818, the son of Benjamin Joule (1784–1858), a wealthy brewer, and his wife, Alice Prescott, on New Bailey Street in Salford. Joule was tutored as a young man by the famous scientist John Dalton and was strongly influenced by c